Procedure
The admission process for undergraduates is undertaken by the individual colleges, working with each other to ensure that the best students gain a place at the University regardless of whether they are accepted by their preferred college.
[citation needed] Selection is based on achieved and predicted exam results; candidate-submitted written work; interviews, which are held between applicants and college tutors; and, in some subjects, written admission tests prior to interview. Personal statements and school references are also considered. Prospective students apply through the
UCAS application system, in common with all British universities, but (along with applicants for
Cambridge) must observe an earlier deadline.
[citation needed] Because of the high volume of applications and the direct involvement of the faculty in admissions, students are not permitted to apply to both Oxford and Cambridge in the same year, with the exception of applicants for
Organ Scholarships and those applying to read for a second undergraduate degree.
[citation needed]The decentralised, college-based nature of the admissions procedure necessitates a number of mechanisms to ensure that the best students are offered admission to the University, regardless of whether the college they originally applied to can accommodate them. As such, colleges can 'pool' candidates to other colleges, whereby candidates can be interviewed at and/or offered admission to another college. Some applicants are also awarded an 'open offer', which does not carry an attachment to a particular college until
A Level results day in August.
[citation needed] The colleges have recently signed up to what they call a 'common framework' outlining the principles and procedures they observe.
[citation needed]Undergraduate and graduate students may name preferred colleges in their applications. For undergraduate students, an increasing number of departments practice college reallocation to ensure that the ratio between potential students and subject places available at all colleges are as uniform as possible. Students who named colleges which are over-subscribed are reallocated to under-subscribed colleges for their subjects. Generally, students from all backgrounds are encouraged to apply as many factors besides academic performance are taken into account during the Stringent Admission Procedure.
[17]For the Department of Physics, college reallocation is done on a random basis after a shortlist of candidates is drawn up and before candidates are invited for interviews at the university.
[18] As a result of this, the college eventually offering a candidate a place to read a subject may not be the one he/she originally applied to.
For graduate student admissions, many colleges express a preference for candidates who will be undertaking research in an area of interest of one of its fellows.
St Hugh's College, for example, states that it accepts graduate students in most subjects, principally those in the fields of interest of the Fellows of the college.
[19] Perhaps as a consequence of this, it is not uncommon for a graduate student to be a member of his/her supervisor's college, although this is not an official university requirement. For graduate students, admission is first handled by the relevant department, and then by a college.
Oxford University Museum of Natural History.
[edit] AccessDespite the University's claims that its admissions policies avoid bias against candidates of certain socioeconomic or educational backgrounds,
[20] the fairness of Oxford admissions have continued to attract considerable public controversy through episodes such as the
Laura Spence Affair in 2000.
[21] Oxbridge entrance remains a central focus for many private and selective-state schools, and the lack of a more representative social mix at the university remains a point of national controversy.
[22] In 2007, the University refined its admissions procedure to take into account the academic performance of applicants' schools.
[23] A study showed that "[a] student in a state school is as likely to go on to a leading university as a student from the independent sector who gets two grades lower at A-level".
[24]Students who apply from
state schools and colleges have a comparable acceptance rate to those from
independent schools (25% and 32% of applicants accepted respectively, 2006). However, most pupils who are accepted from state schools come from 'elite' grammar and selective schools, rather than
comprehensives.
[25] About half of applications come from the state sector,
[25] and the University of Oxford funds many initiatives to attract applicants from this sector, including the Oxford Access Scheme, Target Schools, and the FE Access Initiative.
[20] Most colleges also run their own access schemes and initiatives.
The
Ashmolean is the oldest museum in
Britain.
Mature and part-time students are supported by the
Oxford University Department for Continuing Education.
[edit] Scholarships and financial supportThere are many opportunities for students at Oxford to receive financial help during their studies. The Oxford Opportunity Bursaries, introduced in 2006, are university-wide means-based bursaries available to any British undergraduate. With a total possible grant of £10,235 over a 3-year degree, it is the most generous
bursary scheme offered by any British university.
[26] In addition, individual colleges also offer bursaries and funds to help their students. For graduate study, there are many scholarships attached to the University, available to students from all sorts of backgrounds, from the famous
Rhodes Scholarships to the new Weidenfeld Scholarships.
[27] In October 2007, it was announced that Oxford would be launching a fund-raising campaign with a goal in excess of £1 billion. Of the money raised, approximately one quarter is expected to go towards student financial support.
[28]Students successful in early examinations are rewarded by their colleges with
scholarships and
exhibitions, normally the result of a long-standing endowment, although when tuition fees were first abolished, the amounts of money available became purely nominal. Scholars, and exhibitioners in some colleges, are entitled to wear a more voluminous undergraduate gown; "commoners" (originally those who had to pay for their "commons", or food and lodging) being restricted to a short, sleeveless garment. The term "scholar" in relation to Oxbridge, therefore, had a specific meaning as well as the more general meaning of someone of outstanding academic ability. In previous times, there were "noblemen commoners" and "gentlemen commoners", but these ranks were abolished in the 19th century. "Closed" scholarships, available only to candidates who fitted specific conditions such as coming from specific schools, exist now only in name.
From the inception of the
Church of England until
1866 membership of the church was a requirement to receive the
BA degree from Oxford, and "dissenters" were only permitted to receive the MA in 1871. Knowledge of
Ancient Greek was required until 1920, and Latin until 1960. Women were admitted to degrees in 1920.
[edit] Collections
The
Radcliffe Camera, built 1737-1749, holds books from the
Bodleian Library's
English,
History, and
Theology collections.
[edit] Libraries
All Saints Church, now
Lincoln College's library, on the
High Street.
Oxford's central research library is the
Bodleian, founded by Sir
Thomas Bodley in 1598 and opened in 1602.
[29] With over 8 million volumes housed on 117 miles (188 km) of shelving, it is the second-largest library in the UK, after the
British Library. It is a
legal deposit library, which means that it is entitled to request a free copy of every book published in the UK. As such, its collection is growing at a rate of over three miles (five kilometres) of shelving every year.
[30] Its main central site consists of the
Radcliffe Camera, the Old Schools Quadrangle, the
Clarendon Building, and the New Bodleian Building. A tunnel underneath
Broad Street connects the buildings. There are plans to build a new book depository in Osney Mead,
[31] and to remodel the New Bodleian building
[32] to better showcase the library’s various treasures (which include a Shakespeare
First Folio and a
Gutenberg Bible) as well as temporary exhibitions. Several other libraries, such as the
Bodleian Law Library,
Indian Institute Library,
Radcliffe Science Library and the
Oriental Institute Library, also fall within the Bodleian’s remit.
As well as the Bodleian, there are a number of other specialised libraries in Oxford, such as the
Sackler Library which holds classical collections. In addition, most academic departments maintain their own library, as do all colleges. The University’s entire collection is catalogued by the
Oxford Libraries Information System, though with such a huge collection, this is an ongoing task.
[33] Oxford University Library Services, the head of which is Bodley’s Librarian, is the governing administrative body responsible for libraries in Oxford. The Bodleian is currently engaged in a mass-digitisation project with
Google.
[34][35]See also: Category:Libraries in Oxford 
The interior of the
Pitt Rivers Museum.
[edit] MuseumsOxford maintains a number of museums and galleries in addition to its libraries. The
Ashmolean Museum, founded in 1683, is the oldest museum in the UK, and the oldest university museum in the world.
[36] It holds significant collections of art and archaeology, including works by
Michelangelo,
Leonardo da Vinci,
Turner, and
Picasso, as well as treasures such as the
Scorpion Macehead, the
Parian Marble and the
Alfred Jewel. It also contains "
The Messiah", a pristine Stradivarius violin, regarded by some as one of the finest examples in existence. The Ashmolean is scheduled to complete a £49m redevelopment in 2009,
[37] doubling the display space as well as providing new facilities.
The
Museum of Natural History holds the University’s anatomical and natural history specimens. It is housed in a large neo-Gothic building on
Parks Road, in the University’s
Science Area.
[38][39] Among its collection are the skeletons of a
Tyrannosaurus rex and
triceratops, and the most complete remains of a
dodo found anywhere in the world. It also hosts the
Simonyi Professorship of the Public Understanding of Science, currently held by
Marcus du Sautoy.
Autumn in the Walled Garden of the
Botanic Garden.
Adjoining the Museum of Natural History is the
Pitt Rivers Museum, founded in 1884, which displays the University’s archaeological and anthropological collections, currently holding over 500,000 items. It recently built a new research annexe; its staff have been involved with the teaching of anthropology at Oxford since its foundation, when as part of his donation General
Augustus Pitt Rivers stipulated that the University establish a lectureship in anthropology.
The
Museum of the History of Science is housed on Broad St in the world’s oldest-surviving purpose-built museum building.
[40] It contains 15,000 artifacts, from antiquity to the 20th century, representing almost all aspects of the
history of science. In the Faculty of Music on
St Aldate's is the
Bate Collection of Musical Instruments, a collection mostly comprising of instruments from Western classical music, from the medieval period onwards. The
Botanic Garden is the oldest botanic garden in the UK, and the third-oldest scientific garden in the world. It contains representatives from over 90% of the world’s higher plant families.
Christ Church Picture Gallery holds a collection of over 200
old master paintings.
See also: Category:Museums in Oxford [edit] ReputationIn the subject tables of the
Times Good University Guide 2008, Oxford is ranked as the top university in the UK with Cambridge as the second.
[41] Oxford is ranked first in Politics, Physiological Sciences, English, Fine Art,
Business Studies, Materials technology,
Middle Eastern and
African Studies, Music, Philosophy, and also Education and Linguistics which it shares first with Cambridge. Oxford comes second after Cambridge in a further seventeen subjects. The University then takes three third-places and an equal-third, as well as a fourth, fifth, and equal-sixth place in one subject each.
[42]In the Guardian's subject tables for institutions in tariff-band 6 (universities whose prospective students are expected to score 400 or more tariff points) Oxford took first place for Anatomy and Physiology, Anthropology, Biosciences, Business and
Management Studies, Earth and
Marine Sciences,
Economics, English, Law, Materials and Mineral Engineering,
Modern Languages, Music, Politics, Psychology, and Sociology. Oxford came second to Cambridge in Geography, Archaeology, Classics, History,
History of Art, Mathematics, Philosophy, Theology and
Religious Studies. Oxford came second in General Engineering, and third in Fine Art, General Engineering and Physics; fourth place in Chemistry and Medicine; first place in Computer Science and IT.
[43]According to the 2008
THES - QS World University Rankings Oxford is rated 4th in the world, behind
Harvard,
Yale and Cambridge, making it the 2nd best university in Europe. In the 2009 rankings, however, Oxford had slipped to joint 5th place with Imperial College London, while University College London took 4th place.
Oxford is one of four UK universities that belong to the
Coimbra Group, one of four UK universities that belong to the
League of European Research Universities, and one of three UK universities that belong to both. It is the only UK university to belong to the
Europaeum group.
[edit] League table rankings[edit] Notable alumni and academicsMain article:
List of University of Oxford peopleThere are many famous Oxonians (as alumni of the University are known):
Twenty-five British
prime ministers have attended Oxford (including
William Gladstone,
Herbert Asquith,
Clement Attlee,
Harold Macmillan,
Harold Wilson,
Margaret Thatcher and
Tony Blair).
[76]At least thirty other international leaders have been educated at Oxford.
[77] This number includes
Harald V of Norway,
[78] Abdullah II of Jordan,
[77] three
Prime Ministers of Australia (
John Gorton,
Malcolm Fraser and
Bob Hawke),
[79][80][81] two
Prime Ministers of India (
Manmohan Singh and
Indira Gandhi),
[77][82] four
Prime Ministers of Pakistan (
Liaquat Ali Khan,
Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy,
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, and
Benazir Bhutto),
[77] S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka,
Norman Washington Manley of Jamaica
[83],
Eric Williams (Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago),
Abhisit Vejjajiva (Prime Minister of Thailand) and
Bill Clinton (the first
President of the United States to have attended Oxford; he attended as a
Rhodes Scholar).
[77][84] The Burmese democracy activist and
Nobel laureate,
Aung San Suu Kyi, was a student of St. Hugh's College.
[85] Including Aung San Suu Kyi, forty-seven
Nobel prize-winners have studied or taught at Oxford.
[77]Oxford has also produced at least twelve
saints, and eighty-six
Archbishops of Canterbury, including the current incumbent,
Rowan Williams, (who studied at
Wadham College and was later a Canon Professor at
Christ Church).
[77][86] Another religious figure was
Shoghi Effendi, one of the appointed leaders of the
Baha'i faith. Some fifty Olympic medal-winners have academic connections with the university, including
Sir Matthew Pinsent, quadruple gold-medallist rower.
[77][87] T. E. Lawrence was a student at
Jesus College,
[88] while other illustrious students include the explorer, courtier, and man of letters,
Sir Walter Raleigh, (who attended
Oriel College but left without taking a degree)
[89] to the Australian media oligarch,
Rupert Murdoch.
[90] The founder of
Methodism,
John Wesley, studied at Christ Church and was elected a fellow of
Lincoln College.
[91]The long list of writers associated with Oxford includes
John Fowles,
Theodor Geisel,
Evelyn Waugh,
[92] Lewis Carroll,
[93] Aldous Huxley,
[94] Oscar Wilde,
[95] C. S. Lewis,
[96] J. R. R. Tolkien,
[97] Graham Greene,
[98] Phillip Pullman,
[77] Vikram Seth[77] and
Plum Sykes,
[99] the poets
Percy Bysshe Shelley,
[100] John Donne,
[101] A. E. Housman,
[102] W. H. Auden,
[103] and
Philip Larkin,
[104] and seven
poets laureate (
Thomas Warton,
[105] Henry James Pye,
[106] Robert Southey,
[107] Robert Bridges,
[108] Cecil Day-Lewis,
[109] Sir John Betjeman,
[110] and
Andrew Motion).
[111]Some contemporary scientists include
Stephen Hawking,
[77] Richard Dawkins,
[112] Nobel prize-winner
Anthony James Leggett,
[113] and
Tim Berners-Lee,
[77] co-inventor of the
World Wide Web.
Actors
Hugh Grant,
[114] Kate Beckinsale,
[114] Dudley Moore,
[115] Michael Palin,
[77] and
Terry Jones[116] were undergraduates at the University, as were
Oscar-winner
Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck[77] and film-maker
Ken Loach.
[117] Sportspeople who have attended the university include
Imran Khan.
[77]More complete information on famous senior and junior members of the University can be found in the individual
college articles (an individual may be associated with two or more colleges, as an undergraduate, postgraduate, and/or member of staff).
[edit] Affiliates and other institutionsWell-known organisations and institutions officially connected with the University include:
[edit] DepartmentsSee: Departments of the University of Oxford [edit] Clubs and societiesFurther information:
Clubs and societies of the University of Oxford and
Oxford student sports clubs[edit] Media[edit] Buildings and parksFurther information:
Buildings and structures in Oxford,
Churches in Oxford and
Parks and open spaces in Oxford[edit] Other institutionsThere are other higher and
further education institutions in Oxford, including various independent "colleges", not associated with the University. These include
Oxford Brookes University;
Ruskin College, Oxford - an
adult education college - which, although not part of the University of Oxford, has close links with it; and the former Lady Spencer Churchill teaching college (now the Wheatley campus of
Oxford Brookes).
The University of Oxford is an Educational Alliance Partner of the
Meade 4M Community which supports the University's 'Project Jetwatch' program.
[edit] Oxford in literature and other mediaMain article:
University of Oxford in popular cultureOxford University is the setting for numerous works of fiction. Oxford was mentioned in fiction as early as 1400 when
Chaucer in his
Canterbury Tales referred to a "Clerk [student] of Oxenford": "For him was levere have at his beddes heed/ Twenty bookes, clad in blak or reed,/ of Aristotle and his philosophie/ Than robes riche, or fithele, or gay sautrie". As of 1989, 533 Oxford-based novels had been identified, and the number continues to rise.
[118] Famous literary works range from
Brideshead Revisited, by
Evelyn Waugh, to the trilogy
His Dark Materials by
Philip Pullman, which features an alternate-reality version of the University. Sir Humphrey Appleby, GCB, KBE, MVO, MA (Oxon) attended the fictional Baillie College in
Yes Minister, and
The Complete Yes Minister book's introduction, dated September 1919, was written from the equally fictitious Hacker College, presumably named for Sir James (or Lady) Hacker, Minister for Administrative Affairs in
Yes Minister and Prime Minister in
Yes, Prime Minister, MP for Birmingham South-East. The mention of Oxford is also in
The Great Gatsby. The character the story revolves around, Jay Gatsby, has supposedly attended Oxford for five months. Gatsby: "It was in nineteen-nineteen. I only stayed five months. That's why I can't really call myself an Oxford man."
[119]
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